Makharij

Points of Articulation of Arabic Letters


ا

Emptiness of the mouth

ب

Wet part of the lips

ت

Tip of the tongue touching the roots of upper incisors

ث

Tip of the tongue touching the edges of upper incisors

ج

Middle of the tongue touching the upper hard palate

ح

Middle of the throat

خ

Top of the throat

د

Tip of the tongue touching the roots of upper incisors

ذ

Tip of the tongue touching the edges of upper incisors

ر

Front bottom edge of the tongue touching the gums of front four teeth

ز

Tip of the tongue touching the lower incisors

س

Tip of the tongue touching the lower incisors

ش

Middle of the tongue touching the hard palate

ص

Tip of the tongue touching the lower incisors

ض

Sides of the tongue touching molars on either side

ط

Tip of the tongue touching the roots of upper incisors

ظ

Tip of the tongue touching the edges of upper incisors

ع

Middle of the throat

غ

Top of the throat

ف

Edges of the upper incisors touching the wet part of lower lip

ق

Back end of the tongue touching the soft palate

ك

Back of tongue touching the hard palate (where the hard palate starts)

ل

Front edge of the tongue touching the gums of front eight teeth (four each on either side)

م

Joining dry part of the lips

ن

Front edge of the tongue touching the gums of front six teeth

و

Making the lips round

ھ

Bottom of the throat

ء

Bottom of the throat

ي

Middle of the tongue touching the hard palate (only for ya ghair maddah)